Castration extends life span in mice

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• Scientists find signs of red blood cells and collagen in dinosaur fossils

  Researchers led by Curtin University analyzed vascular canals in fossilized limb bones from a theropod specimen unearthed in Brazil. Advanced chemical spectroscopy revealed the organic remnants had been shielded from rapid decomposition by unique geological conditions, including low-oxygen burial and protective mineral coatings. These findings demonstrate that delicate biological compounds can endure over 100 million years inside skeletal remains.

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• Ancient Spanish copper mine hints at Bronze Age trade with Scandinavia

  Researchers analyzing the Las Minillas site in southern Spain have identified it as Iberia's largest securely dated Late Bronze Age copper mine. Chemical tracing revealed that metals produced here thousands of years ago reached northern Europe through complex exchange routes. These findings provide compelling evidence of expansive prehistoric networks linking Mediterranean raw material producers with distant communities across the continent.

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• Could the earliest weakening of the polar vortex on record bring UK snow?

  Atmospheric scientists are closely tracking unprecedented stratospheric changes high above the Arctic that could fundamentally disrupt typical seasonal circulation. While these high-altitude wind shifts historically push severe cold and wintry conditions into Europe, the unusual timing leaves ground-level effects highly unpredictable. Forecasters emphasize that because Arctic temperatures have not yet bottomed out, any direct winter weather impacts on Britain remain unconfirmed.

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