Politics1 min read

What is ranked-choice voting and how does it work in US elections?

By · Published by Everything Blog

In short

The electoral system allows participants to rank multiple candidates in order of preference instead of picking a single contender. If no hopeful crosses the 50 percent threshold initially, the lowest-ranking contenders are dropped, and their supporters' votes shift to subsequent preferences. Supporters praise the model for neutralizing third-party spoiler effects and broadening viewpoints, though critics warn about tabulation complications. A 2025 Political Behavior study discovered that 4.8 percent of these ballots contained marking errors, even if every mistake did not lead to disqualification.

Key points

  • Candidates secure an outright victory only after crossing the 50 percent threshold of fir…: Candidates secure an outright victory only after crossing the 50 percent threshold of first-choice rankings.
  • Instant elimination rounds reallocate ballots to alternative choices without forcing citi…: Instant elimination rounds reallocate ballots to alternative choices without forcing citizens to vote in separate runoffs.
  • Voters who choose to list merely a single candidate will have their ballots cast aside if…: Voters who choose to list merely a single candidate will have their ballots cast aside if that individual is dropped.

Sources checked by our analysis pipeline: 1

Ranked-choice voting in Alaska could shape key 2026 races, amid a Trump administration lawsuit over two candidates named Dan Sullivan.

In Alaska, a controversy is unfolding over whether two Senate candidates with roughly the same name will cancel each other out.

The debate has shone a spotlight on a relatively uncommon style of voting in the United States: a system known as “ranked choice”.

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Only two states in the United States — Alaska and Maine — employ ranked-choice voting throughout their territory, though major cities like New York have also embraced the practice.

Ranked-choice ballots allow voters to rank candidates in order of preference, rather than choosing just one. If a voter’s first choice does not win a majority, their vote can be transferred to their second pick.

With US midterm elections set…

Politics