Fly redesigned its 6PN private network, which links customer workloads over an internal WireGuard mesh without traversing the public internet. The original routing approach relied on encoding the physical host ID directly into each machine's IPv6 address, but instance migrations forced the platform to maintain massive, fleet-wide mapping directories. This previous approach suffered from sync failures and swelling records managed by a gossip-replicated SQLite system named Corrosion. Physical hosts now bypass the global directory entirely by fetching destination records only when an unknown address is contacted.
Key points
Moving customer instances between physical servers broke the platform's initial stateless…: Moving customer instances between physical servers broke the platform's initial stateless byte-shuffling routing design.
Replicating global instance locations to every host created synchronization failures, mis…: Replicating global instance locations to every host created synchronization failures, mismatched data, and substantial debugging challenges.
The new networking model resolves scalability limits by discovering and storing target ma…: The new networking model resolves scalability limits by discovering and storing target machine locations on demand.
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There’s really only one hard problem in software engineering: synchronization. OK, maybe two: cache invalidation and synchronization. Synchronization is the harder one though, especially when the thing on the other side is eventually consistent. This year we rebuilt 6PN, the private network between your Fly Machines, and we did it by avoiding the hard thing.
To start, here’s the status quo: every Fly Machine gets a private IPv6 address, and every other Machine in your organization can reach it. We call that network 6PN. It’s what my-db.internal
points at, and it’s how your app server talks to your database without either of them touching the public internet.
Until this year, every host in our fleet carried a phonebook: a map of every Fly Machine that had ever moved, and where it lives now. Hundreds of thousands of entries, on every host, kept up to date in real time. Phonebooks are supposed to fit inside your house, and this was getting, uh…unwieldy. So we changed it! The new design keeps, in total, somewhere between 100 and 200 records. There’s no clever…
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