The vulnerability emerged from a chain reaction of changes meant to enhance system stability and resist timing attacks. While musl altered its crypt function to return an asterisk on failure for passwords exceeding 256 bytes, OpenSSH simultaneously modified its timing protections to hash inputs even against locked accounts. In environments like Alpine Linux 3.16 that used asterisk-locked accounts without PAM, supplying an oversized password allowed an attacker to match the stored lock character.
Key points
Disconnected software patches can interact unpredictably across independent projects to c…: Disconnected software patches can interact unpredictably across independent projects to compromise overall system security.
The flaw persisted undetected for roughly a decade because upstream developers primarily…: The flaw persisted undetected for roughly a decade because upstream developers primarily tested against glibc and OpenBSD instead of musl.
Distributions relying on PAM avoided the bug because they bypass crypt calls entirely for…: Distributions relying on PAM avoided the bug because they bypass crypt calls entirely for locked accounts.
Sources checked by our analysis pipeline: 1
1980
the first star
back in old unix your password hash just sat in /etc/passwd
, right next to your username. in a file everyone could read.
in 1980 bill joy put a *
there for an account called daemon
. nobody's supposed to ever log in as it.
a *
isn't a hash, so no password can match it. unix still does this today
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