The World Bank projects that India's extreme poverty rate reached roughly 2% in 2024 under the international $3.00-per-day purchasing power parity threshold. Broad social protections and rapid rural improvements successfully lifted nearly 496 million citizens above the lower middle-income line over twelve years. Nevertheless, deep income divides endure across the country, with top earners taking home roughly 13 times the median wages of the lowest decile.
Key points
Expanded welfare initiatives, including food subsidies and rural job programs, served as…: Expanded welfare initiatives, including food subsidies and rural job programs, served as primary catalysts for closing regional poverty gaps.
Extreme poverty has crossed the crucial sub-3% threshold that international organizations…: Extreme poverty has crossed the crucial sub-3% threshold that international organizations frequently equate with the near-elimination of extreme deprivation.
Future developmental gains require overcoming structural hurdles, including acute wage in…: Future developmental gains require overcoming structural hurdles, including acute wage inequality and the concentration of hardship among low-asset rural households.
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India, among the world’s biggest economies, has also made significant strides in reducing poverty, especially extreme poverty in recent years. According to the latest World Bank report, India has managed to achieve one of the fastest poverty declines in the world - in both monetary and non-monetary dimensions.
Garibi hathao has been a slogan for decades, and now with extreme poverty falling from 27.1% to 2.6% between 2011 and 2023, the question is how far India has come in its fight against poverty, and how much further it still needs to go.
India’s remarkable poverty decline in numbers
How is poverty defined? Poverty in India, as well as in assessments by multilateral institutions, is measured with reference to specified poverty lines or thresholds.
Sharp Decline In Poverty Rate
The World Bank currently defines the international extreme poverty line at $3.00 per person per day in 2021 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. According to the World Poverty Clock, extreme poverty may be considered eliminated when the poverty headcount ratio falls below 3%.
With the World Bank estimating India’s extreme poverty rate…
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